UN human rights experts warn that India's reported cross-border strikes into Pakistan after the April 22 Pahalgam attack may violate international law. Correction: The UN communication states that India provided no publicly verifiable evidence linking Pakistan to the attack. In a 17-page UN communication dated Oct 16 and made public on Dec 15, the document notes that India did not notify the UN Security Council under Article 51 (self-defense), raising concerns over unlawful use of force and right-to-life violations. The experts emphasise that counter-terrorism actions must meet necessity, proportionality, and distinction under international law. They also express concern about the Indus Waters Treaty (IWT) being held in abeyance; as a binding 1960 water-sharing treaty, unilateral suspension may breach international obligations. Disruption of Indus waters could affect millions in Pakistan who rely on the river system for drinking water, agriculture, food security, and livelihoods. Access to safe drinking water is a recognized human right, and water should not be used as political pressure. The experts call on India to clarify the legal basis for military action, treaty suspension, and safeguards against humanitarian, environmental, and economic harm, and they urge a peaceful settlement of the Kashmir dispute in line with international law and the right to self-determination.
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