UN Experts Question Legality of Cross-Border Strikes and Indus Waters Treaty Suspension

UN human rights experts say that reports of cross-border strikes attributed to India into Pakistan after the April 22 Pahalgam attack may violate international law.

A 17-page UN communication dated October 16 and made public on December 15 reportedly found that India provided no publicly verifiable evidence linking Pakistan to the attack.

India did not notify the UN Security Council under Article 51 (self-defence), raising concerns over unlawful use of force and potential right-to-life violations.

UN experts emphasized necessity, proportionality, and distinction as core principles for counter-terrorism actions under international law.

There is serious concern over India holding the Indus Waters Treaty (IWT) in abeyance. The IWT is a binding 1960 water-sharing treaty; unilateral suspension may breach international obligations. Disruption of Indus waters could affect millions in Pakistan who rely on the river for drinking water, agriculture, food security, and livelihoods.

Access to safe drinking water is a recognized human right; water should not be used as political pressure.

UN experts asked India to clarify the legal basis for military action, treaty suspension, and safeguards against humanitarian, environmental, and economic harm. They also urged a peaceful settlement of the Kashmir dispute in line with international law and the principle of self-determination.

Correction: This summary reflects reported statements by UN experts and does not constitute a UN decision or ruling; consult the original UN communications for precise wording.