EXTERNAL shocks have repeatedly shaped Pakistan’s economic trajectory. From oil crises to global financial turbulence, the pattern is a familiar one: rising import costs weaken the balance-of-paymen...
AS Pakistan experiences sluggish economic growth, there is a growing trend of impatience being presented as policy advice. Increasingly, there are calls to either abandon or dilute the IMF programme, ...
The recently finalised EU–India Free Trade Agreement (FTA), described by Brussels as “the mother of all agreements”, is a crucial development that should prompt Pakistan to reassess its export s...
Trade agreements should not be viewed as a symbol of success; rather, they are a crucial component of industrial policy. Unfortunately, Pakistan has often approached market access with insufficient ca...
The exchange rate is a critical economic variable for Pakistan. A competitive and credible currency regime should form the core of the nation’s economic strategy, particularly given the country’s ...
For nearly two decades, Pakistan’s exports have remained stuck between $25–30 billion, despite repeated declarations that export-led growth is central to economic revival. Over the same period, Ba...
For decades, Pakistan’s economic narrative has viewed foreign direct investment (FDI) as an unequivocal boon. Each inflow is celebrated, incentives are justified, and promotional roadshows abound ...